Browsing by Author "Emmanuel Psongol Kondoltiony"

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    Assessing the Effectiveness of East African Community Interventions in Combating Economic Crimes in Tanzania
    (Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies (JAIS), 2025-08) Peter Yohana Mrio; Stephen Handa; Emmanuel Psongol Kondoltiony
    The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the East African Community (EAC) interventions in combating economic crimes in Tanzania, with a focus on the performance of collaborative mechanisms among EAC law enforcement agencies. Guided by collective action theory and rational choice theory, the research employed a mixed-methods design, integrating both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data were gathered from key stakeholders such as law enforcement personnel, policymakers, legal professionals, and civil society representatives using structured interviews and questionnaires. The sampling strategy combined both probability and non-probability techniques to ensure a balanced representation. Ethical standards were upheld through institutional approval and informed consent procedures. Findings indicate that while formal structures for regional cooperation exist, their effectiveness is undermined by bureaucratic red tape, limited technological capacity, and insufficient political will. These obstacles impede efficient intelligence-sharing and coordination across borders, weakening the region's overall response to economic crime. The study recommends enhancing institutional capacity through increased funding, specialized training, and the integration of advanced technologies. Strengthening regional cooperation through improved communication and intelligence-sharing is essential, as is reinforcing political commitment to combat corruption and promote accountability. Public engagement should be heightened through awareness campaigns involving civil society and the private sector. Finally, the study advocates for the creation of a centralized EAC Economic Crimes Unit to lead and coordinate regional anti-crime initiatives.
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    Khat Use Prevalence and Human Security: Examining the Nexus in Wajir County, Kenya
    (International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 2025-10) Ismail Guhad Noor; Mariah Ngutu; Emmanuel Psongol Kondoltiony
    Wajir County faces persistent human security threats driven by marginalization, terrorism, and poverty, yet limited research links this to rising khat (miraa) use. This study examined the nexus between khat use prevalence and human security in Wajir County, using the Social Learning and Human Security theories within a convergent-parallel mixed-methods design. Data were collected from 398 male adults, 12 Key Informants and eight women’s focus groups through questionnaires, interviews, and discussions. Findings show that khat use in Wajir is highly prevalent and normalized, with over half of the respondents reporting long-term use, largely driven by cultural traditions, peer influence, and socio-economic hardship. Early initiation, escalating consumption poly-substance use, and weak community or institutional resistance, were identified as key factors undermining human security by eroding family stability, economic productivity, and community cohesion. Based on the findings, this study concludes that khat use’s normalization in Wajir County undermines human security by eroding economic stability, compromising health and personal safety, and weakening community resilience. The study recommends that the County Government of Wajir, NACADA and local NGOs, implement targeted youth mentorship and peer support programmes to mitigate peer pressure and reduce khat abuse, particularly among vulnerable youth. Furthermore, both County and national governments should develop and enforce comprehensive policies to monitor and regulate khat consumption in high prevalence areas such as Wajir North and Wajir South sub-counties.