The Role of the Military in National Development: Assessing the Opportunities and Challenges for the Kenya Defence Forces

This study sought to examine the role of the military in national development focusing on the opportunities and challenges for Kenya Defence Forces in that endeavor. The role of the military in national development is multifaceted and varies from country to country, depending on their political, economic, social, and other contexts. Although the military's primary function is to ensure national security and to defend the country from external aggression, the military also contributes to national development. This study is underpinned by Civil-Military Relations and Institutional Theories. The study used a case study design and a target population comprising of senior KDF personnel, and civilian government officials. The study adopted qualitative approaches. Thematic context analysis was used to analyze the data. Findings showed that KDF is engaged in various non-military activities that have been instrumental in improving national development in Kenya. Results also showed that KDF’s involvement in non-military roles is informed by their exceptional capacity and capabilities. Additionally, the study also found that KDF plays a vital role in promoting sectorial development aspirations towards the realization of the Vision 2030 and SDGs through infrastructural development, environmental conservation, food security programs, and water resource management among other initiatives. The study found that KDF’s involvement in national development activities is hindered by factors such as a lack of appropriate policy, coordination, and militarization concerns. The study recommends the establishment of clear engagement protocols between the Defense military and other government agencies to ensure coordination and cooperation to boost development. It also recommends the government leverage KDF’s unique capabilities to nurture the skills of Kenyans through partnerships with training institutions.